ABSTRACT
Abstract: Objective: To describe the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Mexico and understand mortality patterns based on sex, geography, and insurance status. Materials and methods: Mortality data (1998-2018) from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía was obtained. We included colon (C18.0, C18.2-18.9) and rectal cancer ICD-10 codes (C19, C20), and estimated age-standardized national, state-level and health insurance mortality rates. We estimated the average annual percent change using joinpoint regression. Results: Between 1998 and 2018, the observed women and men mortality rate increased annually by 1.3 and 2.7%, respectively. Higher CRC mortality was observed in northern and more urbanized states and in groups with greater access to health insurance, which currently facilitates but does not routinely cover screening. Conclusion: CRC mortality in Mexico is increasing rapidly, with marked differences based on sex, geography, and insurance status. Our findings underscore potential benefits of increased investment in comprehensive screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for the general population.
Resumen: Objetivo: Describir la carga del cáncer colorrectal (CCR) en México y patrones de mortalidad según sexo, geografía y servicios de salud. Material y métodos: Se obtuvieron datos de mortalidad (1998-2018) del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Se incluyeron códigos CIE-10 de cáncer de colon (C18.0,C18.2-18.9) y recto (C19,C20). Se estimaron tasas de mortalidad nacionales, estatales y por servicio de salud, estandarizadas por edad. Se estimó el cambio porcentual anual promedio usando regresión joinpoint. Resultados: Entre 1998-2018, la tasa de mortalidad aumentó anualmente 1.3% en mujeres y 2.7% en hombres. Se observó mayor mortalidad por CCR en estados del norte, más urbanizados y con afiliación a servicios de salud que actualmente facilitan pero no cubren rutinariamente la detección. Conclusión: La mortalidad por CCR en México está aumentando rápidamente, con diferencias por sexo, geografía y afiliación. Los presentes hallazgos destacan los beneficios potenciales de mayor inversión en estrategias integrales de detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento para la población.
ABSTRACT
Aqueous extract of the stem barks of Croton cuneatus Klotz (Euphorbiaceae) was investigated for hypoglycaemic activity in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Increasing doses of aqueous extract (6.5, 13, 26 and 52 mg/kg i.p.) were separately administered to groups of fasted normal and diabetic rats. Plasma glucose concentration, cholesterol and changes in body weight were evaluated. The chronic intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the extract for 22 days was found to induce significant reduction in blood glucose level. A comparison was made between the action of the aqueous extract of C. cuneatus and the reference standard drug glibenclamide. The results of this experimental animal study indicate that this plant has an antidiabetic activity in hiperglycaemic rat models.
A ação hipoglicemiante do extrato aquoso das cascas do caule de Croton cuneatus Klotz (Euphorbiaceae) foi investigada em ratos com diabetes induzida pela estreptozotocina (STZ). Doses crescentes do extrato aquoso (6,5, 13, 26 e 52 mg/kg i.p.) foram administradas separadamente a grupos de animais normais e diabéticos em jejum. Foram avaliadas as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose e colesterol, assim como mudanças no peso corporal. A administração crônica intraperitoneal (i.p.) do extrato durante 22 dias induziu uma redução significativa nos níveis de glicose sanguínea. Foi feita uma comparação entre o extrato aquoso de C. cuneatus e a droga de referência glibenclamida. Os resultados desse experimento indicam que esta planta possui atividade antidiabética em modelo com animais hiperglicêmicos.